Thursday, December 31, 2015

寶寶為何一直打嗝? | 全新美強生A+「DHA學立方360°」配方,寶寶360°全方位發展,知動情語表現非凡

寶寶為何一直打嗝? | 全新美強生A+「DHA學立方360°」配方,寶寶360°全方位發展,知動情語表現非凡

寶寶打嗝屬於正常生理現象,大部分小寶寶不會感到任何不適;寶寶有此症狀時,家長不妨輕拍寶寶背部,或給予一些溫開水,可減緩打嗝;切勿用無醫學根據的處理方式,尤其是一歲以下的嬰兒,須特別的小心,以免造成後遺症。

寶寶的打嗝是因為橫膈膜突然用力收縮所造成,是很常見的情形,原本很短的時間過後會停止打嗝,對寶寶是無害的,長大些會自然緩解,但是若寶寶打嗝時間過長或發作頻繁,多少都會讓〝照顧者〞感覺有點不舒服。

打嗝為正常生理現象

打嗝是屬於正常的生理現象,主要是與由腦部經過橫膈神經,到橫膈膜肌肉的這條路徑的任何地方受到刺激有關,由於常在剛喝完奶時發生,原因可能是寶寶常哭鬧或在餵食時吃得太急,而吞入大量的空氣所造成的打嗝;有時如肚子吹到風受寒,或是吃到生冷食物等造成刺激而出現打嗝症狀;其他較少見的原因是與胃食道逆流及疾病,如肺炎有關,或對藥物的不良反應等都有可能。

有些孕婦可能在懷孕第二至三個月時就感覺到,或偶爾由產前超音波,看到寶寶在媽媽肚裡就會打嗝;不過最常發生頻繁打嗝的年齡,還是在剛出生的前面幾個月,而通常在一歲大以前就會改善。

寶寶打嗝的症狀,是由橫膈膜肌肉突然的強力收縮,同時伴隨不自主地關閉聲門而發出〝嗝〞的典型聲音。與大孩子比較,大部分的小寶寶似乎不會感到任何的不適,除非連續過長的打嗝,才會干擾到飲食等正常生活。

輕拍背部及按摩腹部

其實應該是沒有任何可靠的方式來停止嬰兒打嗝,尤其是仍不確定為什麼會發生打嗝。寶寶若無其他疾病而突然打嗝,一般無需作處理,通常打一會兒就可自行停止,除非發作時間較長,連續超過5至10分鐘以上。

如果寶寶因吃奶後腹部脹氣,放下平躺時會打嗝,通常是因為奶洞小,使嬰兒在吸奶的時候,需要很用力吸而吞入太多的空氣,造成寶寶脹氣現象;因此,家長可以在寶寶喝完奶之後,多抱一會兒,輕輕拍寶寶背部,或是輕柔按摩腹部來幫助排氣,可以預防寶寶打嗝及溢奶。

此外,試著少量多餐的餵食法,或餵食後,抱起寶寶幫他拍背加強排氣,餵一點溫開水或以有趣的活動來轉移你或嬰兒的注意力,或許可以改善寶寶打嗝症狀。

注意餵食環境和姿勢

由於剛出生的寶寶神經發育還不太成熟,所以才會經常打嗝,絕大多數不是病,無需過於擔心、驚慌及治療,通常過些時日等寶寶長大後就會自然好轉,一般不會造成影響和後遺症。只有極少見因「胃食道逆流」所造成的打嗝及溢奶,處理方式為勿讓寶寶一次過量的餵食,餵奶後讓寶寶直立靠在大人的肩上排氣,且半小時內勿讓其平躺,四個月大後可添加米粉或麥粉以增加奶的稠性;更少數的寶寶可能是對牛奶蛋白過敏所引起,可依醫師指示使用特殊配方奶粉。

日常生活中要避免寶寶打嗝,需注意餵食寶寶要在安靜的狀態與環境,千萬不可在寶寶過度饑餓及哭得很凶的時候餵奶。且要有正確的餵奶姿勢,進食時也要避免太急、太快、過冷、過燙,在寶寶打嗝時可用玩具或輕柔的音樂,來轉移、吸引寶寶的注意力,以減少打嗝的頻率,或是讓寶寶在喝奶的中間停一下休息,讓寶寶直立站在你腿上,輕輕地拍他的背,排氣打完了飽嗝可避免連續打嗝。


Read full article from 寶寶為何一直打嗝? | 全新美強生A+「DHA學立方360°」配方,寶寶360°全方位發展,知動情語表現非凡

寶寶打嗝原因與處理方法 | 媽媽育兒百科

寶寶打嗝原因與處理方法 | 媽媽育兒百科

寶寶打嗝不止是為什麼

寶寶若無其他疾病而突然打嗝,一般無需作處理,通常打一會兒就可自行停止,除非發作時間較長,連續5∼10分鐘,就應引起注意了。

有些孕婦可能在懷孕第兩三個月時就感覺到寶寶打嗝,或產前超聲波檢查時,看到寶寶在媽媽肚裡打嗝。不過寶寶最常發生頻繁打嗝的年齡,還是在剛出生在前幾個月,而通常在1歲以後就會改善。

寶寶打嗝是由橫膈膜肌肉突然的強力收縮造成的,同時還會伴隨不自主的"嗝"聲。與大孩子比較,大部分的小寶寶似乎不會感到任何的不適,除非連續過長的打嗝,才會干擾到飲食等正常生活。

預防寶寶打嗝的10大方法

其實應該是沒有任何有效的方式來停止嬰兒打嗝,尤其是不確定為什麼會發生打嗝的時候。寶寶若無其他疾病而突然打嗝,一般無需作處理,通常打一會兒就可自行停止,除非發作時間較長,連續5∼10分鐘,就應引起注意了。

1.如果寶寶因吃奶後腹部脹氣,放下平躺時會打嗝。

這是因為奶瓶開口小,嬰兒在吸奶的時候,因用力吸而吞入太多的空氣,造成了脹氣現象,因此家長可以在寶寶喝完奶之後,多抱一會兒,輕輕拍寶寶背部,或是輕柔按摩腹部來幫助排氣,可以預防寶寶打嗝及溢奶。

2.試著少量多餐的餵食法,或餵食後抱起寶寶拍背以加強排氣。

3.餵一點溫開水或以有趣的活動來轉移嬰兒的注意力,也可以改善寶寶打嗝症狀。

4.如果是"胃食道逆流"造成的打嗝及溢奶,可在餵奶後讓寶寶直立靠在大人的肩上排氣,且半小時內勿讓其平躺,4個月大後可添加米粉或麥粉以增加奶的黏稠度,防止打嗝。

5.如果寶寶打嗝是因為對牛奶蛋白過敏,可依醫師指示使用特殊配方奶粉。

6.平時餵食寶寶要在安靜的狀態與環境下,千萬不可在寶寶過度飢餓及哭得很兇的時候餵奶。

7.讓寶寶在喝奶的中間休息一下,讓寶寶直立站在你腿上,輕輕地拍他的背排氣,打完了飽嗝可避免連續打嗝。

8.不過如果寶寶頻繁地打嗝,同時並有食慾變差、體重減輕或頻繁嘔吐,就應該帶寶寶到醫院做詳細檢查。

9.在寶寶打嗝時可用玩具或輕柔的音樂,來轉移、吸引寶寶的注意力,以減少打嗝的頻率。


Read full article from 寶寶打嗝原因與處理方法 | 媽媽育兒百科

Wednesday, December 30, 2015

Infant formula: 7 steps to prepare it safely - Mayo Clinic

Infant formula: 7 steps to prepare it safely - Mayo Clinic

4. Add water to liquid-concentrate or powdered formula

If you're using liquid-concentrate or powdered formula, you'll need to add water to the bottle. Check to see if the manufacturer's instructions specify whether to add water or formula to the bottle first. Typically, you'll add water to the clean bottle first to ensure you're using the proper amount.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions for how much water to use. Adding too little water can put a burden on your baby's digestive system, and adding too much water might overly dilute the formula and deprive your baby of calories and nutrients.

You can use any type of clean water — tap or bottled — to prepare liquid-concentrate or powdered formula. If you'd like to use tap water but you're concerned about the safety of your water supply or you use private well water, consider sterilizing the water before adding it to the bottle:

  • Use cold tap water.
  • Let the cold water run for as long as it takes to get as cold as it gets — up to two minutes. This helps reduce the amount of lead and other contaminants in the water.
  • Pour the cold water into a clean pan and boil it for one to two minutes.
  • Let the water cool.
  • Carefully pour the amount needed.

You might also have well water checked for lead, nitrates and bacteria.

It's also important to consider the amount of fluoride in the water you use to prepare your baby's liquid-concentrate or powdered formula. Exposure to fluoride during infancy helps prevent tooth decay during infancy. However, regularly mixing a baby's formula with fluoridated water might increase your child's risk of developing faint white markings or streaks on the teeth — a sign of mild enamel fluorosis.

If you're concerned about fluorosis, consider ways to minimize your baby's exposure to fluoride. For example, you might use ready-to-feed formula or alternate between tap water and low-fluoride bottled water — such as purified, demineralized, deionized or distilled bottled water — for formula preparation. However, if you feed your baby only ready-to-feed formula or concentrated formula mixed with low-fluoride water, your baby's doctor might recommend fluoride supplements beginning at 6 months.

5. Measure the formula

For ready-to-use formula:

  • Shake the container of formula well before opening it.
  • Pour enough formula for one feeding into a clean bottle.
  • Use only formula — don't add water or any other liquid.
  • Attach the nipple and cap and shake well.

For liquid-concentrate formula:

  • Shake the container of formula well before opening it.
  • Pour the amount of formula for one serving into the bottle, which already contains the appropriate amount of water.
  • Attach the nipple and cap and shake well.

For powdered formula:

  • Use the scoop that came with the formula container. Make sure the scoop is dry.
  • Determine the amount of formula you want to prepare, following instructions on the package. Note the number of scoops you'll need.
  • Fill the scoop with powdered formula, shaving off any excess formula from the top of the scoop with the flat side of a knife — not a spoon or other curved surface.
  • Pour the scoop or scoops into the bottle, which already contains the appropriate amount of water.
  • Attach the nipple and cap and shake well.

6. Warm the formula, if needed

It's fine to give your baby room temperature or even cold formula. If your baby prefers warm formula:

  • Place a filled bottle in a bowl or pan of hot, but not boiling, water and let it stand for a few minutes — or warm the bottle under running water.
  • Shake the bottle after warming it.
  • Turn the bottle upside down and allow a drop or two of formula to fall on your wrist or the back of your hand.
  • The formula should feel lukewarm — not hot.

Don't warm bottles in the microwave. The formula might heat unevenly, creating hot spots that could burn your baby's mouth.

Shake the bottle well and feed the formula to your baby immediately. Discard any formula that remains in the bottle after a feeding.

7. Store formula safely

Store unopened formula containers in a cool, dry place. Don't store formula containers outdoors or in a car or garage, where temperature extremes can affect the quality of the formula.

If you're using ready-to-use formula, cover and refrigerate any leftover formula from a freshly opened container. Discard any leftover formula that's been in the refrigerator more than 48 hours.

If you prepare and fill several bottles of liquid-concentrate or powdered formula at once:

  • Label each bottle with the date that the formula was prepared.
  • Refrigerate the extra bottles until you need them — don't freeze them.
  • Put the bottles toward the back of the refrigerator, where it's coldest.
  • Discard any prepared formula that's been in the refrigerator more than 24 to 48 hours.

If you're unsure whether a particular container or bottle of formula is safe, throw it out.


Read full article from Infant formula: 7 steps to prepare it safely - Mayo Clinic

The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 3. Enfamil products | The Pediatric Insider

The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 3. Enfamil products | The Pediatric Insider

There certainly are a lot of choices when it comes to infant formula, aren't there? Last time we saw all of the colorful ones offered by Abbot. Let's see what else it out there.

The other big manufacturer of infant formulas is Mead-Johnson, with their Enfamil line. Enfa, I guess like enfant, which I think is a baby elephant; -mil meaning, I don't know what. I couldn't find anything about where that name comes from on their site. What I did find, unlike Abbot's Similac site, are lots of photos of cute babies.

Enfamil introduced a new twist: staging different formulas for different-aged babies. They claim that human breast milk varies as a baby grows, which is true; and they claim that their newborn-oriented product has a protein mix that more-closely matches that of moms who are nursing newborns (as opposed to older babies). The catch here is that there's a lot of variability among women. That ratio of the protein mix varies quite a bit, and isn't really the same among women; when it starts to change is variable, too. Plus, there's no actual clinical evidence that somehow more-closely matching the whey-casein ratio makes any difference, especially because it can't be matched individually to each mom. But in any case, that's the shtick, and that's what makes the Enfamil line at least a little unique.

Enfamil's flagship product for littler babies is "Enfamil Newborn", which of course has a similar blend of DHA and prebiotics as everyone else. They also say it has a "tailored" level of vitamin D for its target age – 0 to 3 months – though the AAP recommends the same 400 IU/day for babies of all ages.

Moving past of their newborn-specific formula, the next "flagship" product is Enfamil PREMIUM Infant (that's their capitals, not mine.) This is product says it's tailored for babies 0-12 months, which overlaps their other product tailored differently for 0-3 months, but perhaps they used a different tailor. In any case, Enfamil Infant (I'm not typing PREMIUM every time) is a fine cow's-milk based formula for babies. It's got all of the stuff we've been talking about.

Enfamil, of course, can't just stop there. They've got a product with partially hydrolyzed proteins (similar to Good Start and Similac Total Comfort) called "Enfamil Gentlease". That's named maybe after the word "Gentle", or less-likely the word "Lease". Though I like the name, as I've said before there's no clinical evidence that these partially hydrolyzed formulas are an improvement, but they're certainly nutritionally equivalent to ordinary formulas.

Enfamil has a spit-up formula, similar to Similac for Spit Up, called EnfamilAR. I can't tell if AR means "added rice" or "anti-reflux," but they claim it reduces spit up by "over 50%". That sounds suspiciously like the 54% that Similac for Spit Up claimed, though the number is less specific. Advice for Enfamil people: use exact numbers, they look more "sciency." In any case, Sim for Spit Up and EnfAR seem about the same in every important way.

Enfamil's soy-based product is Enfamil ProSobee, and their extensively hydrolyzed product is Nutramigen. There's very limited need for these. They also have a formula for preemies, and a whole host of metabolic and other formulas for specific medical needs that are very rarely needed—but kudos to them for developing and selling them. For babies that need special formulas, Mead-Johnson has come through.

So: Mead-Johnson's Enfamil line has your basic milk and soy and hydrolysate formulas, plus a slightly-different-in-an-unimportant-way Newborn formula, plus a few bonus versions. We'll call it 6 formulas, plus the 7 from the Similac line. Are thirteen enough choices already? Of course not! Next up: the "minor" company and the generics.


Read full article from The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 3. Enfamil products | The Pediatric Insider

The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 2. The Similac choices | The Pediatric Insider

The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 2. The Similac choices | The Pediatric Insider

Last time, in Part 1, we talked about the ingredients in infant formulas. Despite the advertising, they're all much more similar to each other than you'd think. This time I'll go through the products from the major companies. Infant formulas have complicated and overlapping names—what's really the differences, and how should you choose?

First, Abbots' Similac family of products. Get it, "Similac"? Lac, referring to milk; simil, like similar? I like the name! So what have they got in their stable?

Their flagship product for "routine feeding" is "Similac Advance," a cow's milk based product that has as much good stuff as any other formula. It's got the DHA. It's got the lutein. It's got a nice baby-blue package. They also market for "routine feeding" Similac Advance Organic, in a green package (green = natural and organic!), which has the same stuff, though a "unique Lutein and DHA blend." Does unique mean better? Who knows. What it does have as a carbohydrate source is organic cane sugar, which probably makes Similac Organic taste sweeter than human milk or other formulas. I'm not sure that's a good thing, to get baby used to sweeter tastes, but it might not matter one way or the other. Still, if you're choosing Similac Organic, you're choosing the sweet stuff.

On a separate page, Abbott has a number of formulas "for sensitive tummies." I guess Sim Advance is for those tougher babies! The "for sensitive tummies" choices include Similac Sensitive, which is essentially the same as Similac Advance, but without lactose. Now, lactose intolerance is just about unseen—ever—in human babies, so there is really isn't any biologic basis for this product to be any better for any babies than Similac Advance. It does come in a soothing orange package. There's also "Similac Total Comfort", which has milk-based proteins that are broken down to some degree, "for easier digestion." In a way, this is their version of Carnation's "Good Start"—more about that later. There's no good independent evidence that breaking down these proteins aids in digestion, and it certainly won't help treat protein allergy. The package is a lightish purple, and reassuringly says it's FOR DISCOMFORT, then in smaller type "due to persistent feeding issues." If discomfort is from other things, I suppose the purple packaging won't help much.

Similac has two more "sensitive tummy" formulas. One is "Similac Soy Isomil" (or what used to be just "Isomil") which uses soy rather than milk protein. The AAP recommends soy formulas for very few babies—including those from families who wish to avoid cow products, and for the very rare babies with hereditary inabilities to digest certain sugars. For almost all babies, soy is not necessary, and it's certainly not more digestible than cow's milk base formulas. The last "sensitive tummy" formula is "Similac for Spit Up" which adds rice starch to thicken the formula, especially once it's in the low-pH environment of the stomach. They claim it reduces "frequent spit up" by 54%, a nice science-sounding number, based on "data on file". That means they did the study and haven't published the result.

There's also a "Similac for supplementation" formula, designed they say "for breastfeeding moms who choose to introduce formula." My read of the ingredients shows it's almost entirely identical to ordinary Similac. It comes in a green container, though a slightly different shade of green than Similac Organic. They claim that by tinkering with the prebiotics, this product may lead to softer stools, though there's no clinical evidence to support that. I can't imagine why there needs to be a different formula for supplementing breastfeeding than for routine feeding, but then again I'm not in marketing.

Similac also has an "expert care" area, including Alimentum (genuinely hydrolyzed proteins for the relatively rare babies with real protein allergies), Neosure (for preemies), and Similac Expert Care for diarrhea. I won't spend much time on these, but they really are for use only when recommended by a physician for specific medical reasons.

Whew. A lot of formulas to choose from! So many colors!


Read full article from The Guide to Infant Formulas: Part 2. The Similac choices | The Pediatric Insider

How Much Formula Should My Baby Eat? | Similac

How Much Formula Should My Baby Eat? | Similac

Babies can differ in when and how much they eat, so it is important to learn feeding cues so they receive the right amount of nutrition to sustain their health and development.


Feeding your baby too much can cause spit-up, so be mindful of the following points as you begin feeding baby formula.


Your baby's eating rhythm
  • Follow your baby's lead.
  • Feed when he naturally wants to eat.
  • Pay careful attention to hunger cues — rooting for milk, sucking motions, or putting hands to mouth.
  • Crying is a late sign of hunger, and might be a signal for something else.

Measuring amounts of formula

Preparing baby formula requires you to closely follow the instructions for how much formula to prepare to ensure your baby gets the right nutrition. If you measure correctly and track feedings, you can easily monitor your baby's weight gain.


Count the wet diapers

A general guide for whether your baby is getting enough is six to eight wet diapers and one or two passed stools per day. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice a major change in your baby's eating habits and/or digestion.


Your baby's weight gain

You should notice your baby gaining a small amount of weight each week. But because babies gain weight and develop at different rates, consult your baby's doctor to determine what is healthy.


Read full article from How Much Formula Should My Baby Eat? | Similac

The Difference Between Similac and Enfamil | HRFnd

The Difference Between Similac and Enfamil | HRFnd

Similarities Between The Two

Both Similac and Enfamil have many of the same ingredients that are governed by legal restrictions. This means that many of the same vitamins and minerals can be found in both Enfamil and Similac. The main differences between these two formulas involve the amount of carbohydrates and proteins that are found.

What Makes Enfamil Different?

Enfamil is known to have higher levels of DHA and AHA. This means that using Enfamil will provide about 17mg instead of 11mg that can be found in Similac. You can also find palm olein oil as an ingredient. It is also important to know that Enfamil is easier to pack than Similac. You don't have to worry about sifting and this makes the process of scooping much easier. Some parents opt for Enfamil just for the convenience alone. It should also be noted that Enfamil is incredibly affordable and is cheaper than Similac.

What Makes Similac Unique?

Similac does not contain any palm oil and this is significant, because palm oil is known to create firm stools that are not as frequent. However, Similac is found to be a better source of calcium and contain almost 50 % more than Enfamil. Similac is also available in a new formula that contains less bubbles and leaves babies with less gas. These differences are slight and both Similac and Enfamil contain many of the same nutrients and minerals.


Read full article from The Difference Between Similac and Enfamil | HRFnd

Best Baby Formula - Baby Formula Reviews - Similac vs Enfamil - Baby Formula Coupons

Best Baby Formula - Baby Formula Reviews - Similac vs Enfamil - Baby Formula Coupons

New mothers have the task of choosing between breastfeeding or feeding their newborn baby formula. In some instances, it's not even a choice that the mother makes. My wife had incredible trouble breastfeeding our children even with countless trips to the lactation specialists at the hospital. She did pump as much milk as she could to help supplement the formula, but in the end our kids received more formula than breast milk during the first 6 months of their lives. There are countless arguments for women breastfeeding versus just giving baby formula and we will get into those down below. For now, we will focus on which baby formulas provide the best source of nourishment and nutrients for your baby. The big names in the industry are Similac, Enfamil, Parent's Choice (carried at Wal-Mart), and Nestles Good Start.

Read full article from Best Baby Formula - Baby Formula Reviews - Similac vs Enfamil - Baby Formula Coupons

Are You Allowed to Mix Formula With Milk for a Baby? | LIVESTRONG.COM

Are You Allowed to Mix Formula With Milk for a Baby? | LIVESTRONG.COM

Infant formula can be used as a baby's sole food or in conjunction with breast milk when a baby is young, or with solids for older babies. Infant formula should always be prepared as directed, which means not using any type of milk in place of the water typically used for reconstituting formula. Whether you can safely add milk to prepared formula depends on the age of the baby and the type of milk you plan to mix in.

Infant Formula

Infant formulas are designed to meet a baby's basic nutritional needs, although they lack some of the beneficial immune factors, enzymes and nutrients found in breast milk. If you choose to feed your baby formula, either as the sole food or as a supplement to breast milk, you can choose from ready-to-drink versions or concentrated liquid or powder forms that should be mixed with water to prepare them before feeding your baby.


Read full article from Are You Allowed to Mix Formula With Milk for a Baby? | LIVESTRONG.COM

Which Formula Is Best For Supplementing Breastfed Babies

Which Formula Is Best For Supplementing Breastfed Babies

Many hospitals use pre-prepared formula because it is more sterile. It can be bought already packaged in disposable nurser bottles, which means very little risk of contamination. This is a great option for preemie babies. It is also sold in larger containers for older babies.

The biggest pro of pre-prepared formula is that it is the ease-of-use. You don't have to worry about mixing the wrong amounts, which makes it very friendly for babysitters! It is also the safest option when there is no access to clean water. It can also make traveling with baby stress (and mess) free.

On the negative side, after it is opened, liquid formula has to be used very quickly. It is also more expensive. If a baby is receiving only one or two bottles per day, then there may be a lot of spoiled formula and wasted money.

Powder FormulaPowdered formula is the more affordable. It costs less per container to buy, and it lasts for several weeks after being opened.

When using powdered formula, it is very important to follow either the exact mixing directions listed on the container, or the instructions given by a pediatrician. Anyone mixing the bottles must use sterile water, and must wash their hands before preparing the formula. However, once a mother knows how many bottles her baby will use in a day, she can pre-mix them and store them in the refrigerator. There will be instructions on the container for how long a bottle can be mixed before it needs to be eaten or thrown away.

Another, less common type of formula is concentrate. It requires mixing like powdered formula, but is liquid, making it neater than powder. The price falls in between powdered and liquid formula in most cases.

Regular, Lactose-Free, Soy, Organic?

Once you've decided whether or not to go with liquid or powdered formula, the next question is which type? Most formula is made from a cow's milk base. Whereas most infants do well on this type, a lactose intolerant baby may need lactose-free formula or soy formula.

All formulas need a special balance of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals to make them nutritionally balanced. What makes the difference in brands is the ratio of these basic elements, as well as the amount of synthetic nutrients, chemicals and other additives.

Some of the varieties of formula on the market include:

  • Cow's milk base
  • Goat's milk base (in some countries)
  • Lactose Free
  • Lactose reduced
  • Soy base
  • Organic
  • Hydrolyzed formula
  • Preemie formula
  • Milk fortifier

This is where a pediatrician's advice is needed. If a baby has no health issues, then a cow's milk based formula is usually all that is needed. A baby that does not tolerate lactose well (very rare) may be placed on lactose-free, lactose-reduced, or soy based formulas. If the intolerance to the proteins is so severe that even soy milk irritate's a babies digestive system, hydrolyzed formula (which has the proteins broken down farther than regular formula) may be prescribed. These "hypoallergenic" formulas may even be recommended if doctors suspect a risk of milk intolerance based on family health history.

A doctor may suggest that a premature baby or one with weight-gain issues be supplemented with special formula designed to provide extra nutrients. Almost all formula brands now have a version that is designed for the needs of preemies, and some of these are divided into special needs formulas. For example you might need a preemie formula especially processed for babies with severe acid reflux.

With more parents making healthy choices, organic formulas are gaining in popularity. Although no organic formula is perfect (many still contain palm oil, which is difficult for babies to digest), they are still considered a better alternative to mainstream formulas. Organic formulas are created using animal and plant products that have not been exposed to chemicals or antibiotics. I suggest reading this article for more information about additives in organic formulas, as well as data about the big companies behind the little brand names.


Read full article from Which Formula Is Best For Supplementing Breastfed Babies

Infant Formula Comparison of Similac Vs. Enfamil | LIVESTRONG.COM

Infant Formula Comparison of Similac Vs. Enfamil | LIVESTRONG.COM

While breast milk is the ideal food for infants, not all moms are able to nurse their babies and must feed their babies infant formula. In many cases, infant formula is a major source of nutrition during the first 12 months of an infant's life, and it's therefore required to meet specific standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Similac and Enfamil are two types of infant formula. Knowing the similarities and differences between these two formula brands may help you decide which is a better fit for you and your baby.

The Major Nutrients: Calories, Carbs, Protein and Fat

When prepared according to instructions, both Similac Advance and Enfamil Infant -- the two standard infant formulas made by Similac and Enfamil -- contain the same number of calories, which is 20 calories per ounce. The carbs, protein and fat content of both formulas are very similar, but the Enfamil Infant is slightly lower in fat and higher in carbs than Similac Advance. A 100-calorie portion of Similac Advance contains 10.7 grams of carbs, 2.1 grams of protein and 5.6 grams of fat, while Enfamil Infant contains 11.2 grams of carbs, 2.1 grams of protein and 5.3 grams of fat. Both formulas fall well within the range of standard requirements for protein and fat as set by the FDA.


Read full article from Infant Formula Comparison of Similac Vs. Enfamil | LIVESTRONG.COM

The do's and don'ts of safe formula feeding - Today's Parent

The do's and don'ts of safe formula feeding - Today's Parent

Whether you've chosen formula or need to supplement with formula because breastfeeding isn't going as smoothly as planned, it's important to pay careful attention to safe preparation of your baby's milk, because the formula-fed baby does not have the immune factors that the breastfed baby does.

Read more: Formula feeding >

Do Make sure powdered formula is right for your child. Because powdered formula is not sterile, babies under two months of age, or those who were born prematurely and not yet two months past their expected due date, and babies who have a compromised immune system should only be given concentrated liquid or ready-to-serve formula.

Do Check the expiration date on the formula container, make sure it is not damaged and write down the lot number in case of recalls (see Health Canada's site for current advisories).

Do Emphasize cleanliness. Before preparation, wash your hands thoroughly. Wash the counter or table where you will be mixing up the formula. Wash and dry the lid and outside of the can (dirt or bacteria on the lid can fall into the can when you open it). When you open the container, check for foreign particles (insects and pieces of glass have caused some past recalls) or curdled or discoloured milk in liquids.

Bottles, nipples, caps and rings should be sterilized by boiling for at least five minutes before using for the first time. After that, thorough washing in hot water with soap should be sufficient. Once the bottle is filled, wash and dry it again.

Do Mix and measure carefully. For powdered formula you should boil the measured water, pour it into a clean bottle, and add the measured amount of formula. Don't let the water cool below 70 C to ensure dangerous bacteria are killed. The measuring scoop should be levelled off with the flat size of a knife.

For liquid-concentrate formulas, measure the water that is added with a measuring cup — lines on the bottle may not be accurate. Let the tap run for two minutes, to reduce the amount of lead and other contaminants. (If you have well water, boil the water.) Or use distilled bottled water.

Don't Warm the bottle in a microwave. This can create hot spots in the milk that could burn your baby's mouth.

Do Store formula in the back of the refrigerator, where it is coldest. Discard formula after 24 hours in the fridge. Never freeze formula. Use a cooler with ice packs to transport bottles.

Don't Use formula that has been at room temperature for more than two hours. Also discard leftovers if your baby doesn't finish a bottle.

Do Hold your baby for feedings, with your baby in a semi-sitting position where he can see your face and you can watch for signs that he needs a break. If the milk flows too quickly, you may need a different nipple — the baby should have to actively suck to get milk.

Don't Try to get the baby to finish the bottle if she shows signs of wanting to stop, as this leads to excess weight gain.


Read full article from The do's and don'ts of safe formula feeding - Today's Parent

Offer Ready-To-Feed Or Powdered Infant Formula? | baby gooroo

Offer Ready-To-Feed Or Powdered Infant Formula? | baby gooroo
Ready-to-feed formula is a premixed liquid formula that offers convenience for bottle-feeding parents. But most parents who feed their babies artificial formula use powdered formula instead of ready-to-feed because it is significantly cheaper and can be stored longer. (Ready-to-feed infant formula can be refrigerated for up to 72 hours after opening then needs to be discarded.) Although you may notice a difference in texture between the two types of formula, if your baby is healthy, there’s no reason to use ready-to-feed formula.
A growing awareness of the potential health risks of bisphenol A (BPA) has prompted manufacturers to turn their attention to formula packaging. BPA is a chemical found in plastics which has been implicated in neurological problems, reproductive health concerns, cardiovascular diagnoses, diabetes, and more. The risks are thought to be higher for infants and children. BPA has been widely used in baby bottles and the lining of infant formula cans, causing special concern for parents who feed their babies canned formula with bottles. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) cautions parents that “small amounts of BPA [are] in liquid infant formulas sold in cans.” By comparison, the “FDA has found that powdered infant formula mix typically has no detectable level of BPA.” However, just as the leading baby bottle manufacturers have removed BPA from their products, many infant formula manufacturers have removed BPA from their packaging. Fortunately, manufacturers know that BPA-free packaging is desirable, so look for the “BPA-free” seal when shopping for formula.
With powdered formula, correct and safe preparation is essential. Some tips:
  • Choose safe water. Although experts often recommend children get fluoridated water to help prevent cavities, infants who are fed formula mixed with fluoridated water can get too much fluoride. The American Dental Association (ADA) cautions that too much fluoride on emerging teeth can cause enamel fluorosis, permanent staining on both your child’s baby and permanent teeth. Your local water company will be able to tell you if your water is fluoridated or has substantial natural fluoride (0.7 mg/L or more).  If so, consider using low-fluoride water, such as bottled water or water filtered through a fluoride-removing home water treatment system. Also, avoid using well water, which can have high levels of nitrates or other contaminants.
  • If you’re using tap water, use cold—not hot or warm. Also, run the water for 15–30 seconds before filling your baby’s bottle. Many homes have lead in their plumbing pipes. High lead levels have been associated with a host of neurological and developmental deficits. Cold water picks up less of the lead than hot water does, and allowing the water to run for several seconds ensures that you are not giving your baby the water that had been standing in pipes, absorbing potential contaminants. Alternatively, you may prefer to use water that has been filtered through any of a variety of systems that remove lead.
  • Consider boiling water used to mix formula. The instructions on most powdered formula containers direct parents to boil water used for mixing infant formula; new packaging now recommends that parents talk with their baby’s health care provider or health department. The idea behind boiling was to sterilize the water, and minimize exposure to bacteria in young babies with immature immune systems. Studies have not shown significant benefits to this added step. If you do choose to boil the water, follow the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s directions: bring it to a rolling boil for about 60 seconds, and allow it to cool before using. Don’t boil it for longer periods or boil it a second time, as this can increase the level of impurities. Keep in mind that powdered formula itself is not sterile. Contaminated formula has been linked to serious illness in preterm infants. So mothers who are unable to breastfeed or provide donor human milk are urged to use liquid formula which is sterile.
  • Measure scrupulously. Babies can be sickened by formula that has either too much water or too much powdered mix. Make sure you follow the instructions on the formula container and measure carefully.
  • Shake the bottle. Make sure the formula is thoroughly blended before offering it to your baby. This will ensure that your baby gets all the nutrients in the formula.
Read full article from Offer Ready-To-Feed Or Powdered Infant Formula? | baby gooroo

Water fluoridation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Water fluoridation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water has fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride.[2] Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities.[3] Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $1.02 per person-year.[2][4] Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits.[5] A 1994 World Health Organization expert committee suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate.[6] Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels, and some domestic water filters remove some or all fluoride.[7]


Read full article from Water fluoridation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Difference Between Powder, Concentrated Liquid, and Ready-to-Use Formulas

The Difference Between Powder, Concentrated Liquid, and Ready-to-Use Formulas

You've finally chosen a brand of formula for your baby, but there's still one more decision to make: Should you use powdered, concentrated liquid, or ready-to-use formula? "All three preparations are the same from a nutritional standpoint," says Jennifer Shu, M.D., a Parents advisor and author of Bringing Your Newborn Home. "The choice you make will be based on personal prefer-ence and cost." Here, a look at your options:

Powder formula, which comes in a canister with a little scoop, as well as in little packets for travel, needs to be mixed with water before you can feed it to your baby. It's the most economical formula on the market. Caveat: It can be constipating to some babies, Dr. Shu says. And you'll need to lug along water with the powdered formula when you hit the road.

Concentrated liquid formula, which you pour from a container, is more expensive than powder formula, but it's less messy to prepare. You need to add some water to it before you give it to your baby, so bring along a water bottle if you're going to be out and about.

Ready-to-use formula is the most convenient type of formula. It's rich and thick, and you don't need to add any water to it before feeding. It's less likely to constipate babies than powder formula is, Dr. Shu says. But if you're on a tight budget you'll probably want to go a different route -- of the three preparations of formula, ready-to-use is the most expensive.


    Read full article from The Difference Between Powder, Concentrated Liquid, and Ready-to-Use Formulas

    Baby Formula Powder Vs. Liquid | LIVESTRONG.COM

    Baby Formula Powder Vs. Liquid | LIVESTRONG.COM

    Once you make the decision to feed your baby using formula, you have several other important decisions to make. You will want to determine what brand of formula you want to buy, what ingredient you want to be as the base and what form you want the product to come in. Three forms are available--powdered, concentrated and ready-to-use.

    Definition of Baby Formula

    Dr. William Sears, pediatrician and associate clinical professor of pediatrics at the University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, explains that baby formula, which is actually called "artificial baby milk" in medical terms, is not as nutritious as breast milk, because it lacks the hormones and antibodies produced by a woman's body. Yet it is also more convenient for some women. He states that formula is usually made with a cow's milk base, but it can also be made using a base from the soybean plant. Formulas are fortified with iron and other vitamins and minerals that babies need.


    Read full article from Baby Formula Powder Vs. Liquid | LIVESTRONG.COM

    California Income Tax Rates - California & other state tax rates information. CA tax calculator.

    California Income Tax Rates - California & other state tax rates information. CA tax calculator.

    Before using our Income Tax Calculator, here are some basic tax principles that you should know. California state income tax along with a federal tax is usually withheld from your paycheck as you receive it each pay cycle. While the federal income tax rates are set for each income bracket, CA state income tax rates do not necessarily align with the federal figures. The variable income tax rate for California is determined by CA state tax legislation. How much income tax that is withheld from your paycheck depends on which tax bracket you fall under. In general the more you make, the more you will be taxed. To find out more about CA income tax, sales tax, W4 forms, 1040 forms, tax returns, current state tax rates and general California tax information, click here for the Franchise Tax Board. How California State income tax rates are structured The tax table below will show in detail the California state income tax rates by income tax bracket(s). There are 7 income tax brackets for California. If your income range is between $0 and $7,168, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 1%.
    If your income range is between $7,169 and $16,994, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 2%.
    If your income range is between $16,995 and $26,821, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 4%.
    If your income range is between $26,822 and $37,233, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 6%.
    If your income range is between $37,234 and $47,055, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 8%.
    If your income range is between $47,056 and $1,000,000, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 9.3%.
    If your income range is $1,000,001 and over, your tax rate on every dollar of income earned is 10.3%.

    Read full article from California Income Tax Rates - California & other state tax rates information. CA tax calculator.

    Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 - Life with Gremlins

    Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 - Life with Gremlins

    -Relatively inexpensive. I placed a $10 cap on each bottle (Yes, there are bottles that run more than $10 each!) This did rule out several commonly suggested bottles such as the Tommee Tippee, Medela Calma, Munchkin Latch, and Adiri NxGen.
    -Simple to clean and assemble. This is why you won't see the often recommended Dr. Brown's bottles on my list. I learned with my past children all those components just gets lost and are a pain to clean, so a ton of multiple parts was a deal breaker for me.

    So, what made the cut? (Alphabetically ordered, not by "best" to "worst.")

    Advent Natural Flow
    Breastflow by the First Years
    Comotomo
    Lanisoh mOmma
    MAM Anti-colic
    Nuk Advanced


    Read full article from Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 - Life with Gremlins

    8 Bottles for Breastfed Babies -- Recommended By Moms | The Stir

    8 Bottles for Breastfed Babies -- Recommended By Moms | The Stir

    Even for the staunchest of breastfeeders, using a bottle can be a necessary fact of life. Whether it's because you have to go back to work, want dad to be able to feed and bond with baby, or you just want to have a night out on the town (good for you!), a bottle can become a new mom's best friend. Yet many a breastfeeding mom can tell you that introducing a breastfed baby to the bottle is easier said than done. Some babies will take a bottle no problem, but others? Not so much.

    Sometimes the key to success lies in the bottle itself. And the truth is, you might have to try a few different brands and do a little trial and error to find the bottle that works for your baby. That said, there are some things you can look for at the outset to increase your chances of getting it right the first time.

    We asked moms which bottles worked for them and why, and here, they share their expertise.


    Read full article from 8 Bottles for Breastfed Babies -- Recommended By Moms | The Stir

    The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    A squeezable bottle? Comotomo Baby Bottles ($18) are also designed to mimic the breastfeeding process with their wide-neck design and smooth, skin-like feel, but the bottle's flexible design makes it unique in a sea of hard plastic/glass bottles. Made from 100 percent BPA-free, medical grade silicon, the bottle is actually squeezable, much like a natural breast, so baby can grab on and get comfortable.


    Read full article from The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    Breastfed babies don't only take their milk from the breast. While lactation consultants suggest waiting at least three weeks before introducing a bottle, breastfeeding mamas often abide by their own schedules. Finding a bottle that truly mimics the motion, flow, and feeling of the breast is often the hardest part of making the switch. We've put countless bottles to the test, and narrowed our list down to nine. Check out our picks for the most breast-like bottles on the market, and let us know which one you (or your children) prefer.


    Read full article from The Best Bottles For Breastfed Babies | POPSUGAR Moms

    The Eco Mum's Blog - The Eco Mum

    The Eco Mum's Blog - The Eco Mum

    My blood hound researchers nose was once again tweaked recently. This time it was in relation to silicone products.

    I used to take everything I was told at face value. After years of being mislead and it affecting my health and sanity, I now like to check everything myself - against credible sources like scientific reports, studies, clinical trials and production processes.

    When I started to check out silicone, I wasn't entirely happy with what I learnt.

    Read full article from The Eco Mum's Blog - The Eco Mum

    Never Say Never! 5 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 | She's Expecting

    Never Say Never! 5 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 | She’s Expecting

    You spent your entire pregnancy and, probably, time before that researching all things baby related. Now the baby is here (congratulations!) and reality is setting in.  Many moms go to great length, and with good reason, to breastfeed their baby for at least the first year. If you are a breastfeeding mom, you have probably discovered that breastfeeding is nothing like what you see in movies or read about in books. Like any new skill, it can be hard. It’s hard to learn – for you and baby. And, for many new mothers, it can be physically exhausting. However, the benefits to you and your baby make the effort well worth it – boosted immune system, fewer incidences of allergies and it’s free!

    It is more than likely that a time will come that you (or another caregiver) will want/need to give your child a bottle. Much is written about the potential negatives of giving breastfed babies a bottle. You read about nipple confusion. You hear horror stories about pumping breast milk. You worry about using formula. Is it safe to use a plastic bottle? Is it safe to use a glass bottle?  All of this information makes something as seemingly simple as giving a baby bottle a decision fraught with peril.  It needn’t be. Whether you are supplementing with a bottle, need a bottle only occasionally or if you are ready to wean your baby you can help make the transition easier by choosing bottles that best mimic breastfeeding.

    First of all, relax! Giving your baby a bottle for any reason – you’re sick, you’re away at work, you want a night out or even if you just need a break – is no reason for guilt or panic. Instead, investigate your options. There is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all bottle. A quick internet search will reveal bottles for every concern you might have. There are bottles of a variety of materials, colors, shapes and prices. The choices can be overwhelming. For babies who are breastfed the majority of the time, finding a bottle that most closely simulates breastfeeding is a priority. You’ll want a bottle that encourages baby to latch on just as he does when nursing. Additionally, you’ll want a bottle that blocks as much air from the milk in the bottle as possible to avoid tummy aches.

    When deciding which bottle is the right one for your baby, do a bit of homework beforehand. Talk to other moms who have recently “road-tested” bottles. Read online customer reviews – they can be surprisingly specific. When you have it narrowed down, buy one or two types of bottles and give them a fair test.

    When possible, have someone besides yourself give the bottle. Even better, do not be in the room when your baby first tries a bottle. Your baby knows you. If he has a choice between you and a bottle, he’s going to wait for the real thing! Having someone who has not been his main source of comfort and nourishment his entire life offer him a bottle is likely to be a more successful venture. Some babies are resistant to the bottle at first. However, if they’re truly hungry, they will soon figure it out – even if they aren’t thrilled with it.  Other babies don’t mind the transition at all and will happily go back and forth from bottle to breast.

    Finding the right bottle for your baby can make all the difference. The five bottles below consistently rank high with breastfeeding moms.


    Read full article from Never Say Never! 5 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies 2015 | She’s Expecting

    Top 10 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies in 2014 | Baby Gear Hub

    Top 10 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies in 2014 | Baby Gear Hub

    When choosing a bottle for your breastfed baby you need to find a very fine balance between two crucial aspects of bottle feeding. Moms that want to solely rely on bottle feeding face only the aspect of bottle acceptance. Once the bottle is accepted by the baby everyone is happy. For women who want to switch between breastfeeding and a bottle there is one more thing to be aware of. Bottle preference. Some bottles/nipples are just much easier for the baby to suck from than a breast and once the baby discovers this she may prefer a bottle. If a baby develops preference for a bottle it may be extremely difficult to switch back to breastfeeding. There are several factors that may prevent bottle preference and facilitate seamless switching between breast and bottle. The most important are shape and flow rate of a nipple. Nipples that mimic mother's breast in terms of shape and function (slow flow rate – baby has to work) tend to work best for this purpose. There are bottles specifically designed to mimic woman's breast. See a compilation of best bottles for breastfed babies below. They are presented in alphabetical order.

    • Breastflow by The First Years bottle
    • Comotomo bottle
    • Dr. Brown's bottle
    • Medela bottle
    • Mimijumi bottle
    • mOmma by Lansinoh bottle
    • Philips Avent Natural bottle
    • Playtex Drop-Ins bottle/nurser
    • Tommee Tippee Closer to Nature bottle
    • Yoomi bottle

    Read full article from Top 10 Best Bottles for Breastfed Babies in 2014 | Baby Gear Hub

    5 Best Glass Baby Bottles - Alternatives to Plastic | Mama Milk

    5 Best Glass Baby Bottles - Alternatives to Plastic | Mama Milk

    The Basics of Glass Baby Bottles…

    So you've decided that using glass baby bottle is the best choice for your family? Great choice, we're pretty fond of them too. We want to tell you some more about them, as well as come helpful tips for choosing and using them. Keep reading.

    What is a Glass Baby Bottle?

    These baby bottles are made partially of glass, rather than commonly used plastic. These old school bottles used to be the norm, but sadly have were shove to the side in preference for the lightweight and unbreakable plastic options. Think of it as a retro revival! Don't let the glass part scare you, modern day glass bottles are designed with safety features to make them a lot safer to use than those used 40 odd years ago.

    Why Should I Use a Glass Baby Bottle?

    There are many advantages to using glass baby bottles. Here are 6 top benefits you'll get from using them, so jump on board.

    1. Chemical free – Most plastic bottle nowadays are touted as BPA free, however that does not mean they are free of other chemicals. If you'd rather avoid the worry of exposing your baby to the chemicals in plastic. Glass is a great alternative to ensure your baby's bottles are chemical free.

    2. Better for Breastfed babies – Chemicals in plastic bottles are known to 'hold' nutrients from breast milk. Glass material doesn't have this property, so your baby receives all the breast milk nutrients.

    3. Durable – When looked after properly glass bottles can be long-lasting. They are a worthy investment is you plan to have more kids as they will easily see you over a few years of use if you prevent them being dropped. Even still modern day bottles are made from toughened glass which makes them less likely to break.

    4. Easier to heat – Glass is easier and safer to heat than plastic, so feeds will be ready quicker. Glass won't release any chemicals when heated so no need to worry about heat causing chemical leaching into baby's milk.

    5. Recyclable – It's an eco-friendly option as the bottles can be glass recycled when you are finished with them, or they break. That means you'll lessening your contribution to landfill.

    6. Hygienic – The bottles are a dream to clean. They won't scratch, stain or smell of old milk. They stay looking new the whole time you use them, unlike plastic which can look worn out quickly. As glass can't be easily scratched, it means there is less room for bacteria to hide.

    Things to consider when looking for the best glass baby bottles…

    Sleeves – The main concern with glass bottles is that they can break easier than plastic bottles. For new-born's this isn't a problem, unless you're a bit of a butter fingers and drop things easily. Some bottle come with silicone bottle sleeves which provide some cushioning for the bottles and less likely to break if dropped. Silicone sleeves are also available to buy separately but will up the cost of your bottles. You may want to consider this if you have an older baby who like to throw their bottles.

    Teats – A lot of glass bottle come with latex teats which have a tendency to collapse easily. If you are struggling with these, change to silicone teats which are more structured and don't collapse as easily. Or if you baby is struggling with a hard silicon teat, switch to the softer latex.

    Bottle holder – Remember the milk bottle holders used by milkmen? You can buy these for your glass bottles in order to protect them. If you think your bottles are at risk of falling from a cupboard, be safe and consider one for these to prevent any nasty accidents, especially if they will be stored overhead.

    Markings – Some glass bottle have the measurement marking printed on the side of the bottle. It's often a dark print which is easy to read, but can be quickly washed off after a few uses. If this would annoy you, then look out for the glass bottles with the measurements etched on the side of the glass.

    Shape – Glass bottles are heavier to use than plastic bottles so you'll need to consider which bottle shape will be easier for you to hold. Easy bottle design has its own benefits

    • Wide neck – allow baby to mimic breastfeeding behaviour and prevent nipple-teat confusion
    • Standard neck  – great for smaller babies who can't feed well from the wide neck bottles.
    • Small (up to 5oz) – Ideal for newborns or premature bays who don't need as much milk, and less room for air to be swallowed.
    • Tall (up to 9 oz)– Great for when baby requires more milk. These are a great to use with the silicone sleeves especially if you or baby have dexterity problems.

    Read full article from 5 Best Glass Baby Bottles - Alternatives to Plastic | Mama Milk

    Best Baby Bottles: The ultimate buyers guide | Parent Guide

    Best Baby Bottles: The ultimate buyers guide | Parent Guide

    By far the most commonly used material in baby bottles. Plastic is cheap, lightweight and easily molded into different shapes. Plastic baby bottles wont break if dropped and also don't sweat (That small layer of condensation that forms on the outside of the bottle when you put cold liquids inside).

    While parents may warn you that plastic baby bottles contain BPA, this is no longer the case.

    FDA has amended its regulations to no longer provide for the use of BPA-based polycarbonate resins in baby bottles and sippy cups.

    That is business speak. Simply put; the FDA banned the use of BPA in baby bottles in 2012. Since then all plastic baby bottles sold in the USA have been BPA free.

    If you are using old bottle or in doubt then you can determine what plastic your baby bottle is made from by the recycling symbol on the bottom.

    • #1, #2, #4 – Polyethylene (safe)
    • #5 – Polypropylene (safe)
    • #7 – Polycarbonate (unsafe) likely contains BPA

    Unfortunately, it's not all roses for plastic baby bottles. Because plastic is the softest of all baby bottle materials it can easily be scratched so be sure to stick to softer bottle brushes and cloths when cleaning. Why don't you want scratches? Bacteria can hide in scratches and can be missed during the cleaning process.

    While plastic baby bottles may look smooth the surface actually has tiny little indentations (as shown in the magnified picture above).


    Read full article from Best Baby Bottles: The ultimate buyers guide | Parent Guide

    Best Baby Bottles: Glass vs. Plastic

    Best Baby Bottles: Glass vs. Plastic

    Baby Bottle Worries

    The problem with glass bottles is pretty obvious -- drop one on the floor in the middle of a late-night feeding, and you'll have a roomful of shattered glass to clean up. Glass is also heavy and cumbersome. On the upside, glass bottles are sturdy, and they don't contain any chemicals that could potentially get into the baby's formula.
    Plastic baby bottles are lightweight, strong, and unbreakable. In 2012, the FDA banned the use of bisphenol A in the manufacture of baby bottles and sippy cups. There were concerns that the chemical in polycarbonate plastic could lead to certain cancers, changes in the brain and reproductive system, and early puberty. All baby bottles and sippy cups sold in the USA are now BPA-free.
    In 2013, the FDA supported a food additive amendment to end the use of bisphenol A-based epoxy resins in the lining of formula cans. Manufacturers had abandoned the use of BPA in those products, so the move was largely supportive.

    There are essentially three types of baby bottles: plastic, plastic with disposable liners, and glass.
    The ban on BPA means you can confidently buy new plastic baby bottles, knowing that they are free of the potentially harmful chemical. If you are using older plastic bottles, for example bottles given to you by family members, check the recycling symbol on the bottom. The symbol #7 or the label PC (which stands for polycarbonate) is a sign that the bottle likely contains BPA. Bottles with the symbol #1, #2, or #4 are made of polyethylene, and #5 bottles are made of polypropylene. Both kinds of bottle can be used safely since neither type contains BPA.
    Disposable bottle liners are also typically BPA-free (look for the words "BPA-free" on the label). They tend to be more expensive than bottles alone, though, because you have to change them after each feeding.
    If you want to try glass bottles but you're concerned about them breaking, some companies make silicone sleeves that go over the bottle to protect it.
    • Never store breast milk or formula in plastic bottles. Pour it into the bottle just before your baby is ready to eat. Throw out anything that is left over.
    • Don't use hot water or a harsh cleaner on polycarbonate bottles, because this also can cause the plastic to break down more quickly. Instead, use a gentle cleaner and warm water.
    • Replace any glass bottles that have cracks or chips in them.
    Read full article from Best Baby Bottles: Glass vs. Plastic

    Monday, December 28, 2015

    【产妇能吃柠檬吗】产妇可以吃柠檬吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    【产妇能吃柠檬吗】产妇可以吃柠檬吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    产妇当然可以吃柠檬。容貌是女性的根本,每位妈妈都会因为妊娠纹或者产后的大量黄褐斑而烦心。坐月子是让女性恢复孕前完美肌肤的重要时机。众所周知柠檬是公认的美容佳品,富含维生素C、糖类、钙、磷、铁、维生素B1、维生素B2等营养元素,能应对产妇产后各种肌肤的问题,还能防止和消除皮肤色素沉着,具有美白作用。

    柠檬,可能很多人一想到就会流口水,这主要是柠檬的味道对味觉刺激很大。柠檬营养含量丰富,很适合产妇这些需要补充大量营养的特殊人群吃用。柠檬还是美白圣品,让很多爱美的妈妈在摄取营养的同时还能美容,产妇吃柠檬的好处还有以下几点:

    1、多吃柠檬可以很好的起到减肥的功效。我们很多女性朋友都希望自己有一个好身材,特别是产后的妈妈们,希望能尽快恢复身材,所以很产妇都会喜欢通过喝柠檬来起到减肥的功效,这主要是因为柠檬的热量很低,是一种低脂肪的食物,可以起到减肥的功效。

    2、多吃柠檬可以很好的美白皮肤。因为柠檬里面含有丰富的维生素B,而维生素B是一种很好的美白皮肤的物质,所以通过喝柠檬汁可以很好的起到美白皮肤的功效。

    3、多吃柠檬可以很好的抵抗坏血病。柠檬里面含有丰富的维生素,然而维生素是抵御坏血病的最好的元素,产妇多吃柠檬可以抵抗坏血病。


    Read full article from 【产妇能吃柠檬吗】产妇可以吃柠檬吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    产妇能喝牛奶吗_产妇可以喝牛奶吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    产妇能喝牛奶吗_产妇可以喝牛奶吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    产妇喝了牛奶会怎样

    产后妈妈身体比较弱,需要补充一些营养来恢复身体的力气。除了做一些有营养的汤菜之外,其实产后喝牛奶也是有好处的。但对于产妇来说,喝牛奶的方法会有所不同哦。

    1、首先,要注意产后开始喝牛奶的时间,一般要在产后2周以后。

    因为牛奶实际上是属于不容易消化的食物,产妇刚刚经历了分娩,肠道功能还没有完全恢复,喝牛奶可能会导致产妇发生胀气、腹痛、消化不良,甚至可能会发生腹泻。当产妇的肠道功能逐渐恢复了就可以适量的喝牛奶了,刚开始可以少喝一点,然后每天逐渐增加量,慢慢的达到正常量,这样不会对肠胃造成一些负面影响。坐月子时不喝凉的牛奶即可,可以加热饮用。喝了牛奶后母乳更加充足,就不会提心宝宝没有母乳吃的情况出现。

    2、剖腹产的产妇建议17天之后可以喝温牛奶。

    剖腹产产妇适当喝一点牛奶对产妇来说是好事,但是建议17天之后才可以喝温牛奶。牛奶可以补充营养,但是要等排气之后再喝。要注意及时的热温一点,不要过于寒凉就行。最好在每晚临睡前的2个小时,喝一杯温温的牛奶,既能补钙又能安眠,对于刚刚生产完的产妇来说还是比较好的。


    Read full article from 产妇能喝牛奶吗_产妇可以喝牛奶吗_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    坐月子能吃橘子吗?产后吃橘子的好处 - 产后饮食 - 第一宝宝育儿网

    坐月子能吃橘子吗?产后吃橘子的好处 - 产后饮食 - 第一宝宝育儿网

      南方盛产橘子的地方很多,橘子营养丰富,富含各种营养元素。但是橘子吃多了非常容易上火,所以不能一次吃太多。产后妈咪坐月子期间,能吃橘子吗?回答是肯定的,如果坐月子期间有便秘困扰的妈咪,吃一些对此有帮助。而且橘子富含维生素C,这对于剖腹产的妈咪是个福音,具体原因随第一宝宝小编来了解一下吧!

      橘子的营养成分

      柑橘果实营养丰富,色香味兼优,既可鲜食,又可加工成以果汁为主的各种加工制品。柑橘产量居百果之首,柑橘汁占果汁的3/4,广受消费者的青睐。柑橘每100克的可食部分中,含核黄素0.05毫克,尼克酸0.3毫克,抗坏血酸(维生素C)16毫克,蛋白质0.9克,脂肪0.1克,糖12克,粗纤维0.2克,无机盐0.4克,钙26毫克,磷15毫克,铁0.2毫克,热量221.9焦耳。桔中的胡萝卜素(维生素A原)含量仅次于杏,比其他水果都高。柑橘还含多种维生素,此外,还含镁、硫、钠、氯和硅等元素。

      坐月子能吃橘子吗?

      健康养生专家是这样认为的:橘子有和胃、利尿的作用,对于新妈咪缓解产后排便不畅有帮助。新妈妈在生产之后,身体中的激素和机能受到了很大的影响,这个时候就需要维生素等物质来给身体进行调和,橘子中含有大量维生素C,对新妈妈在月子期间身体恢复到平衡和谐的状态有很大的帮助。(产妇吃桂圆好不好?

      坐月子吃桔子的好处

      1.吃橘子补钙

      橘子中还富含钙质。钙是新妈妈产后恢复身体的重要元素,也是构成婴儿骨骼和牙齿的重要成分,新妈妈在月子期间适当的吃些橘子,不但能够很好的恢复身体,而且能够通过新妈妈的乳汁把钙质提供给婴儿,对于婴儿来说,不仅能促进牙齿、骨骼的生长发育,而且能减少娶儿发生佝偻病的几率。

      2.防止产后继续出血

      维生素C能增强人体血管壁的弹性和韧性,防止新妈妈在产后出血的现象。新妈妈在生孩子的时候,身体中的后子宫内膜有比较大的创面,出血比较多。如果适量地吃些橘子,便可防止新妈妈在产后继续出血的现象。此外,橘子性平,有生津止咳作用,比较适合剖腹产的新妈妈食用。(产后如何护理伤口?剖腹产伤口如何护理?

      橘子与牛奶不宜同食

      牛奶中的蛋白质易与橘子中的果酸和维生素C发生反应,凝固成块,不仅影响消化吸收,还会引起腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等症状。另外,胃肠、肾、肺功能虚寒的老人不可多吃,以免诱发腹痛、腰膝酸软等病状。孕妇每天吃柑橘不应该超过3只,总重量在250克以内。

      橘子吃法推荐

      橘皮粥:在熬大米粥时,在粥烧滚前, 放入几小块干净的橘子皮,等粥煮熟后,不仅芳香可口而且开胃,对胸腹胀满或咳嗽痰多的人,能够起到饮食治疗的作用。

      橘皮汤:在做肉汤或排骨汤时,放几块橘子皮,不仅汤味鲜美,而且有一股淡淡的橘子味,会使人吃起来没有油腻的感觉。

      妈咪们对"坐月子能吃橘子吗?"看法

      1.橘子维生素C含量高,吃点也好,不要吃凉着了就好。

      2.橘子吃多了会上火的,桔子本身就容易上火,产妇要吃多了会过奶给宝宝,宝宝也会上火,月子期间橘子吃多了,你的牙齿以后肯定得出毛病,但是注意不能凉着吃,你可以用热水烫一下。

      3.可以吃的,不过不能吃凉的,最好是热一下吃。像苹果,梨这些都是可以的,香蕉也行。

      坐月子可以吃橘子,但是橘子吃多了容易上火,所以不能多吃,小编觉得上面列举的橘子粥和橘子汤是很适合新妈咪吃的。您还可以阅读"坐月子能吃葡萄吗?产妇吃葡萄的好处",了解更多的产妇食谱大全相关知识,希望第一宝宝网提供的产后恢复知识能够帮助到您。


    Read full article from 坐月子能吃橘子吗?产后吃橘子的好处 - 产后饮食 - 第一宝宝育儿网

    【哺乳期能吃橘子吗】哺乳期可以吃橘子吗_哺乳期吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    【哺乳期能吃橘子吗】哺乳期可以吃橘子吗_哺乳期吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    哺乳期吃橘子,一定要挑选新鲜的橘子,如果属于内火旺盛的妈妈,那就不要再吃橘子了,因为橘子性温,吃多了容易上火。

    1、在挑选橘子时,要选表面平滑光亮,外表皮薄,果实比较成熟的,果蒂不要有干燥的褶皱才是新鲜品。

    2、橘子营养丰富,富含各种营养元素。但是橘子吃多了非常容易上火,所以不能一次吃太多。如果哺乳期妈妈在短期内吃大量的橘子,热气会通过乳汁传给宝宝,会导致宝宝口舌生疮、咽干喉痛、大便秘结等上火"的症状。所以哺乳期妈妈就不要贪橘子鲜美而多吃哦!

    3、如果哺乳期妈妈得了风热感冒,此时不建议吃橘皮来缓解症状,因为橘子性温,并不能减轻风热感冒的症状。

    4、肠胃功能欠佳的哺乳期妈妈,吃太多橘子,容易发生胃粪石的困扰。过多食用柑橘类水果会引起"橘子病",出现皮肤变黄等症状。


    Read full article from 【哺乳期能吃橘子吗】哺乳期可以吃橘子吗_哺乳期吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    【产妇能吃橘子吗】产妇可以吃橘子吗_产妇吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    【产妇能吃橘子吗】产妇可以吃橘子吗_产妇吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    橘子中含有大量维生素C和钙质,这两种营养物质对产妇有补钙、防止产后继续出血的作用。

    1、吃橘子补钙

    橘子中还富含钙质。钙是产妇产后恢复身体的重要元素,也是构成婴儿骨骼和牙齿的重要成分,产妇在月子期间适当的吃些橘子,不但能帮助恢复身体,而且能够通过自己的乳汁把钙质提供给婴儿。这样不仅能促进婴儿牙齿、骨骼的生长,而且能降低婴儿发生佝偻病的几率。

    2、防止产后继续出血

    维生素C能增强人体血管壁的弹性和韧性,防止产妇在产后出血的现象。产妇在生孩子的时候,身体中的后子宫内膜有比较大的创面,出血比较多。如果适量地吃些橘子,便可防止产妇在产后继续出血的现象。此外,橘子性温,有生津止咳作用,比较适合剖腹产的妇产食用。

    3、通乳

    另外,橘核、橘络(橘子瓣上的白丝)有通乳作用。产妇乳腺管不通畅时,除可引起乳汁减少外,还可发生急性乳腺炎,影响喂养。吃橘子能够避免以上现象的发生。


    Read full article from 【产妇能吃橘子吗】产妇可以吃橘子吗_产妇吃橘子的好处_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    如何安排科学的月子饮食_如何坐月子 - 宝宝中心

    如何安排科学的月子饮食_如何坐月子 - 宝宝中心

      怀孕期间,为了宝宝的健康,你的饮食习惯多半是健康的。如果是这样,坐月子期间你最好还继续坚持。如果你是母乳喂养,那么做到这一点就更加重要了。坐月子期间,为了自己身体的恢复和宝宝的茁壮成长,你需要摄入充足的优质蛋白质。含优质蛋白质的食物包括鱼类、禽类、红肉、奶制品和豆制品等。

      同时,还建议你多吃谷物、新鲜的水果和蔬菜、以及富含钙和铁的食物。做到精粗搭配,荤素搭配。月子里不偏食、挑食,你摄入的营养才能全面。

    正餐之间穿插零食
      由于产后你要分泌大量的乳汁,你可能会比平时更容易感到饿。正餐之间,可以吃一些富于营养的零食,比如酸奶、荷包蛋或水果等。

    多喝汤
      为了增加泌乳量,你可以适量多吃些汤类,比如鱼汤和肉汤。中国很多家庭会给新妈妈做猪蹄花生汤和鲫鱼豆芽汤以及鸡汤和肉汤等。一般体质的新妈妈还可以喝生化汤。生化汤是用当归、川芎、桃仁、干姜和甘草煎服。它的主要功效是补血,并有利于产后恶露不尽、小腹冷痛等症状的恢复。

      如果你的乳汁分泌不足,你可以让照顾你的人在煮汤时放一些通络下乳的常用中药,比如生麦芽、通草、漏芦、王不留行、穿山甲等。需要提醒注意的是,乳汁分泌不足的原因有很多种,你需要咨询医生,甄别不同的情况,根据自己的体质进行选择。

      新妈妈乳汁分泌不足有时是分娩过程中伤气伤血引起的。如果你是气虚,你会感觉乏力、气短,中医通常会建议你在汤中加入党参、黄芪、白术、茯苓等补气。如果你是血虚,常见的症状是头晕目眩、心慌、面色苍白,那么可以在汤里加入当归、首乌、熟地、白芍等补养阴血。

      你乳汁减少还可能与产后情绪有关。如果你表现为烦躁易怒、胸胁胀闷,那么可以在煲汤时加入柴胡、郁金、青皮、橘叶络等,舒肝解郁通络。

    补充大量水分
      坐月子期间,你会出很多汗,而且你这时候新陈代谢旺盛,所以,你需要多补充水分,以防脱水。补充水分还有助于你的乳房分泌乳汁。每天喝大约8~12杯白开水就差不多了。当然,你也可以多喝牛奶、豆浆或汤品,来代替部分白开水。

      作为新妈妈,你可能一门心思都扑在宝宝身上,在你感觉口渴之前,可能都想不起来喝水。你不妨在床头时刻都放一杯温开水,它的存在就是对你的一种提醒。

    适当服用铁补充剂
      如果你怀孕期间服用了维生素补充剂,你现在可能就不需要再吃了。但你现在很可能需要服用铁补充剂。很多准妈妈在怀孕期间都会缺铁。分娩过程中,你失血较多,也需要补充铁元素来帮助你的身体制造红细胞。在带着宝宝出院前,请咨询医生,看看他们是否建议你服用铁补充剂。

      需要提醒注意的是,补充剂并不能作为健康饮食的代替品。如果你饮食习惯不好,那么你要知道,即使你继续服用多种维生素,也无法弥补身体所需要的营养。最好的办法就是尽量让你坐月子期间的饮食平衡并且多样化。

    Read full article from 如何安排科学的月子饮食_如何坐月子 - 宝宝中心

    【哺乳期能吃巧克力吗】哺乳期吃巧克力的注意事项_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    【哺乳期能吃巧克力吗】哺乳期吃巧克力的注意事项_亲子百科_太平洋亲子网

    哺乳期可以吃巧克力,但是一定要注意适量。哺乳期的妈妈如果吃过多的巧克力,巧克力的成分会通过奶水进入宝宝体内。而作为一种高热量食品,巧克力的蛋白质含量偏低,脂肪含量偏高,营养成分的比例不符合宝宝生长发育的需要。此外,巧克力含有使神经系统兴奋的物质,会使宝宝不易入睡和哭闹不安。

    哺乳期吃过多的巧克力,除了对宝宝的身体造成一定影响外,也会影响妈妈的正常饮食,导致身体发胖。由于巧克力的脂肪含量偏高,在饭前过量吃巧克力会产生饱腹感,因而影响食欲,但饭后很快又感到肚子饿,这使正常的生活规律和进餐习惯被打乱,影响妈妈和宝宝的身体健康。

    不过,哺乳期适量的吃巧克力是不会有害的,至于多少量,这个根据每个女性的身体体制和宝宝年龄来定。如果妈妈特别想吃,偶尔吃一小块是没问题的。但要注意口腔卫生,吃后马上刷牙,以防蛀牙。血糖高或者糖尿病的妈妈最好不吃,要吃就吃黑巧克力,含糖少一些。


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    Serving size - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Serving size - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Serving size is the amount of a food or drink that is generally served. It is found both on the Food Pyramid and its successor program MyPlate and on Nutrition Labels and has two related but differing meanings. The USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sets the standards for My Plate and related guidelines. The FDA defines the "Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed" (RACC) tables used by food manufacturers to determine the serving size on the Nutrition Facts Panel, and the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Services labels.[1]

    Nutrition Facts label is designed to give consumers important nutritional information about a product and allow comparisons with other food. The serving size indicates the amount of food for which the nutrition information is shown. RACCs were established by regulation in 1993 in response to the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act and were based on how much food people typically eat, balanced with desired portion size. Ice cream is the classic example where the RACC is 1/2 cup, but people more often consume more.

    Bulk products, such as sugar, generally have sizes in common units of measurement, such as the cup or tablespoon. Commonly divided products, such as pie or cake, have a serving size given in a fraction of the whole product (e.g., 1/8 cake).Products which are sliced beforehand or are bought in distinct, grouped units (such as olives), are listed in the approximate number of units corresponding to the reference amount. For example, if the reference amount for olives were 30 g, and one olive weighed 10 g, the serving size would probably be listed as three olives.


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    各个月龄的婴儿奶量--摇篮网

    各个月龄的婴儿奶量--摇篮网

    1-2个月宝宝一日奶量   2-3个月宝宝一日奶量   3-4个月宝宝一日奶量    
    按照一般的标准,出生时体重为3-3.5千克的宝宝,在1-2个月期间,每天以吃600-800毫升左右的牛奶为宜,每天分7次吃,每次100-200毫升,如果吃6次,每次吃140毫升。不要喂得太多。[详情]
     
    2-3个月的宝宝牛奶的日用量应限制在900毫升以下,计算900毫升产生的热量为2427千焦,已经足够宝宝的需要。一天喂6次,每次不超过150毫升,如一天喂5次,每次不超过180毫升。[详情]
     
    3-4个月的宝宝每次牛奶的食用量为200毫升,一天喂5次。如果每天喂6次,则每次的量不得超过200毫升,180毫升较为适宜。为了防止宝宝发胖,每天的总奶量保持在1000毫升以内。

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